The Gaza Strip

Army must allow evacuation of wounded and trapped civilians

In the last few hours, B'Tselem learned of civilians who are trapped in the following places in the Gaza Strip, all under the army's control:

  • Al-Siafa, northern Gaza Strip (near the ruins of the Dugit settlement). Members of the Abu-Halima family living there told B'Tselem that they left several dead bodies in the area. Additionally, they said two disabled residents unable to walk are alone in two houses in the neighborhood.
  • A-Zeitun, in the southeast section of Gaza City, there are at least two compounds in which civilians are trapped, and bodies of the dead have not been removed.

-a-Samuni family compound: yesterday, the Red Cross evacuated fifteen injured persons belonging to the family. An unknown number of bodies remain in the compound. B'Tselem took the telephone testimony of Meysa a-Samuni, 19, who described the chronology of events, in which many members of her family were killed. To read her testimony click here.

-al-Mughrabi family compound: according to a member of the family who was in telephone contact with B'Tselem, some eighty members of the family are trapped in the compound, without food and water. One member of the family has been killed, and his body remains in the compound.

  • B'Tselem also received reports of civilians trapped in ‘Abd Rabbo, east of Jabalya.

B'Tselem demands that the army immediately allow ambulances to evacuate the dead and wounded and to enable civilians to be freed from areas under its control.

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בילאל אל-משהראווי במיטתו. צילום: אולפת אל-כורד, בצלם, 14.3.23

The Gaza Strip

Israel preventing 8-year-old Palestinian from leaving Gaza for medical treatment

Bilal al-Masharawi (8) from the a-Zeitun neighborhood in Gaza City has a respiratory disease and chronic pneumonia. The treatment he needs is not available in the Gaza Strip. All the adults who applied to escort him to East Jerusalem have been rejected. In February, the human rights organization Gisha filed a petition to the Beer Sheva District Court demanding that Bilal's mother be allowed to exit Gaza to accompany him to the hospital in Jerusalem, after a request she submitted for a permit was refused by the Israeli authorities on the grounds of a "security block." A request submitted by Bilal's father had also been refused on the same grounds. In a court hearing on the petition, which took place at the very same time as Bilal's hospital appointment, the state attorney tried to claim that the mother cared more about accompanying her child herself than her son's health, given that there are some 20 other relatives in Gaza who the state is willing to allow out, though he refused to reveal their names. Despite Bilal's difficult medical condition, the judge, Chana Slotky, accepted the state's position denying the mother access. All attempts by Gisha and Bilal's parents since then to find out which members of the extended family can, as far as Israel is concerned, exit Gaza as Bilal's companions have been unsuccessful. In a testimony she gave B’Tselem field researcher Olfat al-Kurd on 14 March 2023, his mother, Aya (28), who also has three other children, said: My son Bilal has had chronic lung infections since birth, which have caused bronchial tube expansion, phlegm and shrinkage of the right lung. We’ve been monitored and treated in Gaza hospitals ever since he was born. All he gets there is inhalation and an injection that calms his lung. Sometimes, he’s admitted for a few days. He’s treated every month or month and a half. Because of the bad cough, he now has red spots on his face and bloodshot eyes. The infections are so bad he’s developed a small hole in his heart. In December 2022, we got to a-Rantisi Hospital in Gaza. He had a lot of tests done and the doctor told us he had a very weak immune system and lung problems, and that he couldn’t accurately diagnose him because there isn’t the right equipment in Gaza. He referred us for treatment at al-Makassed Hospital in Jerusalem. The same month, that doctor gave me a No. 1 form [referral] and a financial coverage guarantee from the Palestinian Authority, and we were given an appointment at the hospital for 8 January 2023. We already applied for an exit permit in December. At first, we put down my husband, Muhammad (30), as the escort. After we were told the application was under review, we filed another one and put my name down as the escort. But the day before the appointment, I got a text message on my phone saying I was under review and denied on security grounds, and that Bilal was also under review by the Israeli authorities. I went to the Gaza Coordination Office right away and put down my mother, Sanaa Subhi al-Masharawi (52), as Bilal’s escort. Two days later, my mother got a text message on her phone saying she was denied. While we were waiting for the permit, Bilal was monitored and treated at the hospital in Gaza. He received inhalation, antibiotic spray and an immune system boost. Every time his pain got worse and his fever went up, I took him to a-Rantisi Hospital right away for inhalation and monitoring. On 15 February 2023, at around 2:00 P.M., I went to a meeting with the Israel Security Agency at Erez Crossing. It was a very long day. I was inspected at the checkpoint, and then they put me in a room and the interrogator asked me about people I know. I told him my son was sick and needed treatment. He asked about my other children and their health. I told him my son Mu’az (11) has had pelvic issues since birth and that Asil (6) has vision problems. The questioning took a long time, and when it was over they took my ID card, which stressed me out because I was afraid they would arrest me. After about half an hour, they gave me back my ID and I went home. It was almost 6:00 P.M. We missed the first appointment and made a new one for 19 February 2023. Again, at first we put down my husband as the escort and then me, and again, we got text messages to my phone and my husband’s phone that both he and I were denied for security reasons. We went to the Gaza DCO to see what else we could do, and they told us they’d done everything possible and there was nothing more they could do. When I was in their office, I asked the clerk to check more family members. I gave him the ID numbers of Bilal’s grandparents and aunts on my husband Muhammad’s side and on my side. We checked about 20 names, and he told me everyone was denied. Bilal was discharged from a-Rantisi Hospital on 19 March 2023, after a five-day stay due to high fever and severe coughing. He is still waiting for an appointment at al-Makassed Hospital. The family received another referral and another appointment for 9 April 2023.

28 March 2023

משפחת אבו סאע בימים יפים יותר. התמונה באדיבות המשפחה

The Gaza Strip

Married but apart: Women from Gaza with spouses from the West Bank forced to raise children alone

Israel’s apartheid regime prevents thousands of Palestinian families, in which one spouse is from the West Bank and the other is from the Gaza Strip, from living together as a family in the West Bank. These families are forced to make an impossible choice between living together in Gaza – at the cost of separating from family in the West Bank and enduring the harsh living conditions and financial hardships in Gaza – or living apart, with one spouse raising the children on their own. The ban is part of Israel’s separation policy, designed to isolate the Gaza Strip and implemented since the 1990s. Israeli-imposed restrictions were tightened when the second intifada began in September 2000, peaking in 2007, when Israel put the Gaza Strip under a blockade, imprisoning residents inside it. Since then, Israel has allowed residents to leave Gaza only in rare, exceptional cases it defines as “humanitarian,” treating these permits as a gesture of goodwill towards the recipients rather than their right. Israel has made it clear that, as a rule, marriage does not justify passage between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and the Israeli Supreme Court upheld this position, giving it a legal seal of approval. This state of affairs belies Israel’s claim that it has no responsibilities towards Gaza’s residents after having implemented the disengagement plan in 2005. Using its near complete control over all crossings – in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip – and over the Palestinian population registry, Israel dictates Palestinian subjects’ daily lives and meddles in their most basic relationships: with spouses, parents and other relatives. The main victims of this Israeli policy are women from the Gaza Strip who married residents of the West Bank. They are left to raise their children alone in the harsh conditions of the Gaza Strip, with no hope or certainty regarding their future. B’Tselem collected testimonies from some women forced to live in this way. Yasmin ‘Abd al-Basset (35), a resident of Gaza City, lives with her four children in the Gaza Strip. Her husband lives in the West Bank. On 6 September 2022, she told B’Tselem field researcher Khaled al-’Azayzeh how Israel has repeatedly refused her applications for a permit to travel to the West Bank, so the family can live together: I came with my family from Saudi Arabia to the Gaza Strip in 1994. In 2009, I married my husband, Muhammad ‘Ali ‘Abd al-Basset ( 37), who is originally from ‘Azzun’ Atmah in Qalqiliyah District and has a West Bank ID card. Before the wedding he entered Gaza through Rafah Crossing, alone, without his relatives from the West Bank. We lived in Gaza until 2016, and during that time had three sons; ‘Abd al-Karim, who is now 12 years old, ‘Ali, now 10, and ‘Amru, now 8. At the time, my husband worked in bookstores and at a glass workshop. In March 2016, his father fell ill, so he applied for a permit to cross over to the West Bank for me and for our three sons. The applications were approved, but when we got to Erez Crossing with the children that month, we waited for four hours and were then informed that I was denied passage and wouldn’t be able to cross. They gave no explanation. In the end, my husband crossed the checkpoint with ‘Abd al-Karim and ‘Ali. I wouldn’t let him take ‘Amru, who was still nursing and stayed with me. It was awful being separated from my two sons. I collapsed. I was afraid I’d never see them again. I had hoped to leave Gaza with my husband and the boys, but then everything went black. ‘Amru and I went back to my family’s house. I couldn’t stop crying and didn’t eat for several days. I felt that we were a burden for the family. It was terribly crowded in the house. Three weeks after my husband left, ‘Ali got sick. He had a throat infection and was admitted to hospital in Qalqiliyah for ten days. I asked my husband to send me his medical reports and applied for a permit to travel to the West Bank so I could be near ‘Ali, but my application received no response. My husband filed several applications for me to go to the West Bank, but they were all rejected by Israel. After about two months, in May 2016, my husband returned to Gaza with ‘Abd al-Karim and ‘Ali. They came in through Erez Crossing, and we all lived together in an apartment we rented. We also bought furniture and appliances, and my husband went back to work at the glass workshop. Our son ‘Iz a-Din was born on 20 February 2021. In October 2021, my husband’s father took a turn for the worse and became fully paralyzed. This time, my husband applied for a permit for himself only, in order to visit him. He received the permit and went to the West Bank. After about a month, in November 2021, he renewed his ID card and applied for a change of address for me and for the children, but we’re still waiting for the request to be approved. Now my husband is in the West Bank, taking care of his father together with his brother, and I live in Gaza with our four sons. I’m suffering terribly from our family being torn apart. My son ‘Abd al-Karim is going through puberty, and it’s hard for me to deal with him alone. He feels like he’s a grown-up, doesn’t listen to me and complains that his father is not around. He has a problem with his left eardrum and needs regular check-ups, so I take him once a month for a check-up. I noticed he has facial tics and when I ask him why, he says it’s because he’s tired and also because he misses his dad. When ‘Amru talks to his father on the phone, he’s angry, and sometimes tells him that he hates him for leaving and abandoning us, but keeps asking when he’ll take us to the West Bank to be with him. When my husband returned to the West Bank at the time, ‘Iz a-Din was only eight months old. He basically doesn’t know his father. I’m supposed to take him to a-Shifaa Hospital next week for surgery on his testicles. It’s hard for me to take responsibility for everything on my own, while their father is supposed to be by my side and helping me raise our children. I do everything I can to provide for my children, even though their demands are increasing day by day. Our financial situation is tough. I work as a librarian and my husband sends us money from the West Bank every month, but it’s not enough. My father, who lives off aid from the Welfare Ministry, can’t help. I signed the boys up for a soccer club in the summer, but because I don’t have enough money, they’ll have to stop going. In July 2022, I heard that Israel approved applications for permits to visit family in the West Bank, so I submitted an application with the Civilian Affairs department in Gaza, but I haven’t received an answer yet. I stay on top of the news to see if I can apply for a change of address. I’m still hopeful it can happen. Muna al-Astal, a 36-year-old mother of four from Khan Yunis, spoke about the difficulty of raising children alone, as her husband is in the West Bank and Israel refuses to allow the family to join him, in a testimony she gave B’Tselem field researcher Khaled al-‘Azayzeh on 6 June 2022. My husband Riyad (47) and I got married in 2004 in Gaza. Riyad has a West Bank ID card and shortly after we got married, he went back to the West Bank and started working in Israel, and I stayed in the Gaza Strip. He managed to visit us in Gaza a handful of times, sometimes via Erez Crossing and sometimes via Rafah Crossing. There were two years in a row when he didn’t visit at all. The last time I saw him was a year ago. About 12 years ago, my husband submitted an application for me and for our four children, who were all born in Gaza, to register our address in Qalqiliyah. About 10 months ago, in October 2020, the request was approved. I cried for joy and prayed and thanked Allah. I sent my old ID card to my husband, so he could go to the Ministry of the Interior in Qalqiliyah and change the address, but they only changed the address of two of our four children, ‘Abd al-Jawad (15) and Dima (12). For Muhammad, who was three years old, and Maram, who turned 16 just months earlier, they did not change the address. All my joy was gone in an instant. After about eight months, they registered Muhammad on my ID card, but to this day they haven’t added Maram, even though her father and I and all her siblings are registered in Qalqiliyah. About seven months ago, I had to get Maram a new ID card with a Gaza address. Right after that, her father submitted another application for her to change her address to Qalqiliyah. Until her change of address is approved, the children and I will remain in Gaza, away from my husband. I can’t leave Maram alone in Gaza. Our youngest, Muhammad, is already four years old. He doesn’t know his father and calls my husband’s brother “Dad.” Maram has become very sensitive and cries every time she sees her friends spending time with their parents. Her daughter Maram (16) described the rift in her family in her testimony: Only my mother and my brothers received permission to change their address to Qalqiliyah, where my father has lived for a long time. The Israeli occupation refused to let me move there with them, and I’m the only one still registered in Gaza. My father lives a few kilometers from Gaza, and I can’t get to him just because there’s a checkpoint. I’m not a terrorist. I just want to live with all my family together. It’s my right to travel through all Palestinian cities without obstacles and reach him. I can’t remember the last time I woke up and hugged my father like other children. I also can’t remember the last month of Ramadan when Dad sat with around the table with us during the breakfast meal. I only see him on the phone screen, which is very hard for me because it’s not real. I wish I get the permit and we can all move in together. Hanan Abu Sa’ (34), a resident of Gaza, lived in the United Arab Emirates with her husband and three children for seven years. After her husband was laid off during the coronavirus pandemic, they had to return to the Occupeid Territories – he to Tulkarm and she to Gaza with the children. On 5 June 2022, she spoke with B’Tselem field researcher Khaled al-‘Azayzeh about the difficulty of raising the children without their father and Israel’s refusal to approve their applications for family reunification. I met my husband, Ayman (34), in the United Arab Emirates and we got married there. We lived there until 2019 with our three children, who were born there: Jud (9), Ahmad (7) and Ward (5). When the coronavirus pandemic broke out, problems started at my husband’s workplace. He was working as an electrical engineer and was eventually laid off. The children and I went back to live in the Gaza Strip, and my husband returned to Tulkarm, where he was born and where his family lives. That’s how our family was torn apart. He found a job there, and he in a rental with roommates to save money. He sends about half of his salary to us. The last time we met was in October 2019, when I went with the children to meet their father in Turkey. Ward, who was two years old at the time, squealed with joy when she saw her dad at the airport. We spent three months there together, and then I went back with the children to Gaza and my husband returned to Tulkarm. Traveling with the children was very difficult, especially through Rafah Crossing. Ahmad keeps recalling the experiences he had with his father and says the only thing he wants is his dad. One night, Ward fell and hit her head and I had to take her to hospital, so I left Jud and Ahmad, who were very small, alone at home. It’s very hard to cope with the kids without my husband, especially now that Jud has a thyroid infection. She has to get surgery to remove a tumor on her neck. I’m afraid of the responsibility of consenting to the surgery alone, without my husband, because the doctors say it’s an operation that can put her at risk. Our family is in pieces. The children suffer from their father’s absence, so I try to call him whenever there’s s a good internet connection. Sometimes my husband gets within a few kilometers of Gaza and calls to say he’s close by. It makes me cry, knowing he’s so close to us but we can’t see him. I know his family in Tulkarm is also giving him a hard time because we’re torn apart. I’m scared that in the end, we’ll have to get divorced and there will be no solution. Because I live alone, people are constantly checking on me. Because of the mentality in Gaza, it’s hard for me to be independent and sometimes I have to come home before it gets dark, even if I haven’t finished my errands. It’s been almost two years since my husband last filed for a change of address for me and the children, and we haven’t received an answer yet. Update: Hanan Abu Sa’ traveled with her children to Egypt hoping to reach Jordan and from there enter the West Bank. However, she reported that after an exhausting journey and difficulties at the crossing, the Jordanian authorities denied them entry and they had to turn back. Marwah Abu Hamadah is a 37-year-old mother of three. In 2019, she and her second husband, a resident of Bethlehem, got married in Cairo. She lived with him in the West Bank for about two years, without an official status and in constant fear of being deported along with the baby she had meanwhile. When her father fell ill, she returned to Gaza, but Israel rejected all her applications to return to the West Bank. For over a year, she and her infant daughter were separated from her husband. On 26 July 2022, before her application to return to the West Bank was approved, Abu Hamadah told B’Tselem field researcher Olfat al-Kurd about the hardship and uncertainty in her life: My husband, Muhammad a-Sha’er (52), a resident of Bethlehem, and I met at Cairo University in 2017, where we completed our Ph.D.s that same year. After two years, we got married in Egypt. We wanted to return to the West Bank, but it was difficult to get an entry permit because I’m registered as a resident of Gaza. Ultimately, we managed to get the permit, and I crossed Allenby Bridge on 28 August 2019. We arrived in Bethlehem, and on 9 October 2019 filed an application to change my address from Gaza to Bethlehem. The application still hasn’t been approved. We lived in Bethlehem for two years. I worked as a lecturer at Palestine Ahlia University. On 15 December 2020, I gave birth to our daughter, Misk, in Bethlehem. Because the address on my ID card is in Gaza, every time we drove to the university was hell. We took detours to avoid checkpoints, and were constantly afraid soldiers would arrest me or deport me back to Gaza without the baby. We were afraid the army would raid our house, as they sometimes do in our neighborhood. In May 2021, my father, Khalil Abu Hamadah (74), fell ill and I was afraid he would pass away before I could say goodbye to him. I decided to go to Gaza to visit him and took Misk with me. We entered Gaza without prior coordination, and got in easily because I’m registered as a resident there. I only found out later that Misk’s address is also listed in Jabalya, Gaza, and not in Bethlehem. My sons from my previous marriage, Muhammad (16) and Majd (13), live in Gaza. It had been nine years since I left Gaza to study in Cairo, and they stayed with their father, my ex-husband. When I lived in Bethlehem, I tried calling them almost every day, but he wouldn’t let me talk to them. I sometimes managed to communicate with them through my sister Najwa. Since I returned to Gaza, I’ve been seeing them twice a week. The condition Majd has had in his left ear from a young age has grown worse. His ossicles are eroding, and he has trouble hearing from his right ear. He needs surgery to remove part of the ossicle. Almost a year ago, on 31 August 2021, I heard on the news that Israel was going to approve changes of address. I applied to the Ministry of Civil Affairs in Gaza, and my husband applied at the same time to the DCO in Bethlehem. I also submitted a request to return to work at the university in Bethlehem, after the management contacted the DCO on 10 September 2021. On 7 October 2021, the DCO informed me that my request was denied as it did not meet the criteria. I filed another application on 10 October 2021 and got a security refusal on 24 October 2021. My name wasn’t on the list of 4,000 applications for changes of address by Gaza residents that Israel approved. I didn’t receive any response to my last application, from 28 October 2021. Later, on 21 June 2022, I filed to change Muhammad’s address from Gaza to Bethlehem, so he can move in with me as soon as my application to return is granted. Majd doesn’t have an ID card yet, so there’s no need to submit an application for him. I lost my job at the university and can’t find work in Gaza. My husband sends us money so I can provide for Misk, but our relationship is suffering and I feel that everything is falling apart, that my life is torn between Gaza and the West Bank. I live under terrible pressure and don’t know how much longer I can go on like this. People in Gaza look down on me because I’m far from my husband, and everyone keeps asking me why I live like this. It’s been over a year since Misk and I returned. She was five months old at the time,and since then, she’s only seen her father on the phone screen. Sometimes she grabs the phone from my hand and calls out to him: “Baba! Baba!”. My top priority now is to get Majd the best medical care and go back with Misk to my husband and to my work in Bethlehem. I ask all relevant parties to pressure Israel to help the women who are stuck in Gaza. I know of hundreds of similar cases. In what country does a woman live with her children in one place while her husband lives in another? Update: Marwah Abu Hamadah managed to book her son Majd an appointment to be treated in Bethlehem on 17 August 2022 and receive entry permits for him, her daughter Misk and herself.

13 November 2022

מוחמד אבו סכראן, בן 17, כשנה לאחר פציעתו. צילום: אולפת אל-כורד, בצלם, 1.8.22

The Gaza Strip

Time does not heal all wounds: Gazans injured in the May 2021 fighting describe life one year on

About 15 months after the round of fighting that took place in Gaza in May 2021 (operation “Guardian of the Walls”), Israel rained fire on the Gaza Strip once again, launching a new “round” of fighting (Breaking Dawn). The fighting in August 2022 lasted three days and claimed the lives of 49 Palestinians. Over the past few months, B’Tselem has spoken to several of the wounded in the May 2021 fighting, who are still struggling to rehabilitate themselves. In that round, 233 Palestinians were killed, including 38 women and 54 children. More than half took no part in the fighting. According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, tens of thousands lost their homes and dozens of health care, and infrastructure facilities were damaged. The wreckage of buildings and fallen utility poles blocked streets and roads, impeding the passage of ambulances and other vehicles evacuating casualties. The damage to the electricity grid and the water infrastructure also made it difficult for hospitals to operate. In their testimonies, the wounded give their personal perspective on how they and their families are coping with the challenges of rehabilitation. In addition to the personal stories, the testimonies shed light on the wider context in which the wounded from this round of fighting, and previous ones, live as they desperately try to rehabilitate. Rehabilitation after a serious injury is a tough process under any circumstances, with complex physical and mental health aspects. In Gaza, however, it is tougher still, as the number of wounded keeps growing from one round of fighting to the next, while Gaza’s health infrastructure continues to crumble as a result of the Israeli blockade. According to the World Health Organization, two out of 30 hospitals in Gaza stopped functioning during the May 2021 fighting due to damage, and the others functioned on a partial basis only. In addition, 57 out of 93 primary care clinics stopped functioning, while the rest functioned partially. Gaza’s health care system is grappling with a dire shortage of medicine, equipment and physicians, particularly doctors with up-to-date training. Despite this, as part of its blockade on Gaza, Israel continues to restrict the entry of medicine and advanced medical equipment into Gaza and denies physicians exit for training, further harming the wounded and denying them proper rehabilitation. Israel also denies many of the wounded access to medical institutions in the West Bank, just a few dozen kilometers away, to receive medical treatments they need and are not available in the Gaza Strip. According to Handicap International, there are currently about 50 non-governmental rehabilitation centers in Gaza that rely on funding from foreign foundations. They suffer from staff shortages, have trouble training staff, and are only able to offer physiotherapy and psychosocial support. Occupational rehabilitation with assistive devices, for instance, is rarely available. When it comes to prosthetic limbs, Gaza currently has only two orthopedic rehabilitation facilities, one run by the Red Cross and the other, established in March 2022, operating with Qatari funding. Israel eschews responsibility and has absolved itself of any payment of compensation for almost all injuries, citing “warfare action” through legislative enactments, leaving Palestinian claimants with infinitesimal odds of receiving monetary compensation for the harm and suffering Israel caused them. Victims of the fighting in Gaza suffer extreme financial hardship and have no access to the kind of support that can enable rehabilitation. They live in constant fear and terror of more rounds of fighting, with the feeling that at any given moment, they could once again become targets for Israeli fire. We spoke with young adults and students who were severely injured, as well as parents of severely injured children, some of whom have lost family members and some have sustained permanent disabilities. They described their daily struggles, as they cope with debilitating physical and psychological injuries. Testimonies collected by B’Tselem field researchers in the Gaza Strip: Testimony of Muhammad Abu Sakran (17) from a-Shuja’iyeh neighborhood in Gaza City, who was severely wounded by a missile that landed in the doorway of his home and killed his grandfather and his father’s cousin. He still has a motor disability in his legs and in one hand, and life-threatening shrapnel lodged in his head. He gave his testimony to B'Tselem field researcher Olfat al-Kurd on 1 August 2022. I was badly injured in the war last year. On the last day of Ramadan, 12 May 2021, at around 8:30 P.M., I was at home with my grandfather and my father’s cousin when suddenly, a missile was fired at our house. I spent a week in the ICU at a-Shifaa Hospital. Over the past year I’ve been treated at the El Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital, on the Doctors Without Borders wing. I’ve undergone surgery on my left leg and have had physiotherapy, occupational therapy and psychotherapy. Before the injury, I had a normal life. I went to a vocational school every day from 7:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M. I liked carpentry class and gym class, and hung out with friends a lot. After school, I’d have lunch at home and then work a little at repairing bikes, which was a hobby of mine. I also helped my grandfather plow land and tend to his crops. Since the injury, I’ve stopped going to school and stay home most of the time. I have unbearable headaches and can’t use my right hand because of a neurological problem. When I do go outside, I use crutches. I hate them and the way my body looks, deformed by the shrapnel. I get irritated easily and am aggressive with my brothers. It’s killing me mentally. My medical condition is not improving and I simply can’t do anything on my own – no sports, no cycling. Whenever I see our front door, it reminds me of the missile that hit our home and killed my grandfather and my father’s cousin, so I withdraw into myself and cry. I watch shows and movies on my phone most of the time, but nothing makes me happy anymore. I keep remembering my time in hospital after the injury and thinking about my grandfather, who would take me to work with him. My life has become a nightmare of memories and pain. Testimony of Muhammad’s father, Hisham Abu Sakran (44) That night, Muhammad was home with his grandfather, Ahmad Ibrahim Abu Sakran (64), and my paternal cousin Muhammad Nahed Abu Sakran (25). Suddenly, a missile was fired at the house and they were both killed. Muhammad, who was next to them, was severely injured. When the missile landed, I was on the second floor. I rushed downstairs and found my father dead. I saw Muhammad lying next to Muhammad Nahed, and there was a lot of blood. There was smoke and debris everywhere. I picked them both up and carried them out to a car that was there, which took us to a-Shifaa Hospital. Someone brought my father to the hospital, too, and the doctors told me he’d been killed. Later, my cousin Muhammad Nahed also died of his wounds at the hospital. I was told my son had been martyred. Someone else said he was in the ICU and needed a blood transfusion. At around 1:00 A.M., the doctors asked me for blood for Muhammad. I waited until 3:00 A.M. without knowing how he was, and then I was told he was still in a very serious condition. They told us to pray for him. When I went into the room to see him, he was lying in bed without moving, hooked up to tubes everywhere. I couldn’t process it. I left the hospital and went home to say goodbye to my father and bury him. Muhammad spent a week in the ICU, and then he lay in hospital for about two months. My son Tamer (38) stayed with him the whole time he was in hospital. He had trouble talking and couldn’t eat or drink. After two weeks on the ward, he was able to eat light food. From there, he was transferred to El Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital and put on the Doctors Without Borders wing for two months, where he had physiotherapy and occupational therapy. He was barely able to move at that point – he had trouble moving his right hand because of neurological damage, and had fractures in his left leg and shrapnel in the right. He got a lot of stitches and they put platinum in his legs. He was in constant pain and I was there most of the time, to help him as much as I could. After about two months at El Wafa Hospital, his platinum implants were corrected at a-Shifaa Hospital. Then I took him home, where his mental health just kept deteriorating. He stopped eating and drinking almost entirely again, and got angry and yelled most of the time. We went to Doctors Without Borders again, and they gave him mental health support. He also continued with physiotherapy there, and in May 2022 the outer platinum was removed from his left leg and the bone was treated. Now he uses crutches. Muhammad’s body is full of shrapnel and he’s still very weak. The doctors say he’s in danger because of a piece of shrapnel that’s stuck in his head, close to his brain. We’ve been warned he must never bang his head, because the shrapnel might move and damage his brain. Even sneezing could cause it. Until he was injured, Muhammad studied carpentry at the vocational school in Gaza. He hasn’t gone back to school since then and stays home most of the time. He’s very anxious. Testimony of ‘Abdallah Islim (23) from Gaza City, who was severely injured by a missile Israel fired at a car near which he was standing. Six people were killed in the attack, including a friend of his and a relative of the friend. He gave his testimony to B’Tselem field researcher Khaled al-’Azayzeh on 18 May 2022. On 12 May 2021, at around 10:30 A.M., I was walking with ‘Abed al-Ghazali (28) to the restaurant we worked at on al-Wihada Street, in order to open up despite the bombings. When we got to al-Mughrabi Street, we ran into ‘Abed’s cousin, Nader al-Ghazali (46), outside the sewing shop he works at and chatted with him for a while. Just then, a car stopped a few meters away from us. I caught a glimpse of three passengers inside and suddenly, there was a strong blast. ‘Abed flew up in the air and hit the steel door of a store near us. I stayed put. There was blood everywhere and I felt very dizzy. I moved a few meters away and I realized I’d been hit by shrapnel along the entire rightside of my body. I fell down and recited the Shahadatein [“There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is Allah’s prophet”]. About three minutes later, there was another bombing. I felt I’d been hit in the stomach. I got up and walked a few meters to a nearby drugstore, and asked the pharmacist to help me check on ‘Abed. I was bleeding from the right eye and my clothes were soaked in blood, so he got scared and called out for help. A few young guys who were there drove me to a-Shifaa Hospital in their car. After three days in hospital, I was told ‘Abed and his cousin Nader had been martyred. I stayed in hospital for 15 days. In July 2021, I had abdominal surgery, but they couldn’t get all the shrapnel out and I’m still in pain. I also had chest surgery and some of my bones were removed. Since then, I’ve also been suffering from shortness of breath and chest pain, and I have trouble sleeping at night. I’ve have hearing loss in my right ear and the retina in my right eye is damaged. I don’t go out of the house much. I couldn’t go back to the restaurant, so I’ve lost my livelihood. I was the sole provider for my family, and now the whole family is suffering. Before that, we wanted for nothing. We ate well and I provided for everyone’s needs. I also paid university tuition for my sister Hanadi (24) and my brother Shadi (19), but they only managed to finish one semester and then I couldn’t cover their tuition anymore because of the injury. Before my injury, I managed to save up about 2,000 USD to buy a transit car for extra income, but I’ve spent almost all my savings on my medical care. Ever since I’ve been out of work, our situation has been getting worse. I don’t know how we’ll be able to go on. Testimony of Mu’awiyah al-Wahidi (43), a father of two from a-Zeitun neighborhood in Gaza City, who lost his right leg when a missile fired by Israel landed near his workplace. He gave his testimony to B'Tselem field researcher Olfat al-Kurd on 18 May 2022. On 12 May 2021, at around 11:00 A.M., I was in my barbershop when suddenly, I heard a loud explosion outside. Right after that, Nader al-Ghazali (46) came into the barbershop in a panic, saying: “Help, Mu’awiyah! I can’t breathe!” He was in a terrible state. I took him outside and we walked about 30 meters from the barbershop. He was bleeding from the mouth, and then he fell down. I tried to give him first aid. I looked at the street and saw at least four martyrs lying near the car that had exploded. I recognized Sa’id al-Hittu and his wife Maysoun al-Hittu among the dead. Three minutes later, another missile landed right next to us and Nader was instantly killed. My right leg was severed and didn’t stop bleeding for 20 minutes. Everyone around me was in a panic – we were all scared there would be another airstrike. People gathered round me and called an ambulance. When it came, the paramedics took me and left all the martyrs on the street. I was taken to a-Shifaa Hospital and must have blacked out on the way. At the hospital, I was taken into surgery and my right leg was amputated. I later found out they’d planned to amputate my left leg, too. It was in a bad state, but they decided to treat afterwards. After a week in hospital, I was transferred to the care of Doctors Without Borders, which treats injured people and also operates at al-Awda Hospital in the northern Gaza Strip. I remember hearing the Israeli airstrikes on the way. I was discharged after about 40 days there, with an amputated leg and a lot of problems in the other leg. That was when my ordeal really started, and it’s been going on for a year now. To this day, my whole body is in pain. Twice a week, a team from the National Physiotherapy Authority visits me at home. My left leg is barely there and I need a hydraulic prosthetic, which should carry some of my body weight and make it easier for me to walk. But at Hamad Hospital in Gaza they told me they wouldn’t be able to help me get it, because Israel isn’t allowing prosthetic parts into Gaza. There’s a special wheelchair, too, that could make it easier for me to work, but it costs about 1,500 US dollars and I can’t afford it right now. One of the charities gave me an electric wheelchair that helps me move around outside, and sometimes I get donations from people. I live on the fourth floor without an elevator and it’s very difficult for me to go up and down the stairs, so I stay home most of the time. I feel like a burden to my family. Because I can’t help around the house anymore, my wife is also overworked and she’s started to suffer from a herniated disc in her back. My helplessness is affecting the entire household. My two sons, Sadim (8) and Siraj, (11), were top students. Since my injury, their grades have gone down. They see me so upset that I break things at home. It’s been a year since my injury and it’s still really hard to get out of this mental state. I became a victim of the Israeli army while I was at work, even though I was no threat to Israel in any way. Sometimes, when I go to the barbershop, I see the burning car and the martyrs lying on the ground in my mind’s eye. I remember how I picked up the martyr Nader al-Ghazali and ran from the other missile. It makes me cry and choke up every time. Once in a while, I try to go to the barbershop, but when a client comes in and asks for a haircut, I can’t always do it. All I want is to get the barbershop running well again and go back to work. I worked as a barber for 25 years and was the only breadwinner in our house. Despite my handicap, I get no disability pension from anyone. I feel like I’ve gone from business owner to beggar. Testimony of Ishaq Fayad (51), a father of six from Beit Hanoun in the northern Gaza Strip, who lost his right leg when a missile hit his home directly. He gave his testimony to B’Tselem field researcher Khaled al-’Azayzeh on 19 May 2022. On the night of 14 May 2021, we were hosting about 60 relatives, half of them children, in our house on al-Ba’ li Street in central Beit Hanoun because our area was considered safer. Shortly before midnight, we heard explosions that kept getting closer to us. When they grew louder, everyone started shouting in fear. I tried to reassure them and told them they were safe. I went up to the top floor. When I got there, while I was still in an open-air part of the stairwell, there was a big explosion that threw me at least three meters away. A few seconds later, there was another explosio n from a missile that hit the neighbors’ house. Rubble from the walls and roof of our building was scattered everywhere. Only the pillars stayed standing. My right leg was nearly cut off. It was still connected by a piece of skin and an artery, and I tried to pull it towards me. Shrapnel from the missile had hit my left leg and it didn’t stop bleeding. I crawled down the stairs to the ground floor. When I got to the street, I saw a lot of people running in a panic, looking for family members. I was dizzy. My son Ibrahim (22) and his wife Ghazal (22) carried me to the house of our neighbors, the a-Z’anin family, where they tied my leg to stop the bleeding. A few minutes later, they took me outside so an ambulance could take me to hospital. About 15 minutes later, an ambulance arrived and took me to hospital in Beit Hanoun. There, I was bandaged, and then I was transferred to the Indonesian Hospital in Beit Lahiya. My son Jasser (23) went with me. I must have blacked out along the way. I woke up the following afternoon in hospital. Four days later, I was transferred to Nasr Hospital in Cairo, where I had about ten operations on my legs. I was also fitted with a fixator on my right leg. I was in terrible pain and lost a lot of weight during that time. I looked like a skeleton and was barely recognizable. My mental health was very poor. I’m lucky my wife Warda was there with me the whole time, supporting me. I stayed in hospital in Cairo for nine months, and on 13 March 2022 went back to Gaza. I continued treatment with Doctors Without Borders at al-Awda Hospital. The doctor there told me my right leg had to be amputated. I was shocked the situation was so bad. About three weeks later, my leg was amputated. I had two more operations on my leg, and I’m still having physiotherapy. I’ve also developed diabetes and hypertension but unfortunately, government drug stores in the Gaza Strip don’t carry the medicine I need, so I have to pay for it out of pocket. For instance, the pill I take for leg infections, Flucoral, costs 13 shekels (~4 USD) a pill. Since my leg was amputated, I’ve barely left the house, because I live on the second floor without an elevator. I’ve already fallen down the stairs. Before the injury, I was always on the go because I trade in sheep and goats. I’m not used to being unemployed and sitting at home. At least close friends come over to keep me company sometimes. Testimony of Majd al-’Ajleh (21), a law student from a-Shuja’iyeh neighborhood in Gaza City, who was injured by a missile fired by Israel when he was standing near his home. Since then, he has had a motor disability and speech difficulties. He gave his testimony to B’Tselem field researcher Muhammad Sabah on 26 May 2022. On Sunday, 15 May 2021, I set out from my house in a-Shuja’iyeh neighborhood. When I was still close by, at around 1:00 P.M., a missile fired from an airplane landed near me. Three of my cousins were killed in the strike: Yihya al-'Ajleh (24), Seif a-Din Abu al-'Ata (18), who had fled from his home in the eastern part of the neighborhood and was killed near his uncle’s home, and Muhammad Bhar (17), who was killed in the doorway to his brother’s home. My brother Muhammad and I were severely injured. I woke up at a-Shifaa Hospital after I was unconscious for 25 days. During that time, I had head surgery because of a fracture in my skull and abdominal surgery because of shrapnel that entered it and caused hemorrhaging and damage to the intestine. On 11 June 2021, I received a permit to go to al-Ahali Hospital in Hebron, where I had surgery on my right leg and arm. I was discharged from there about six months later, on 5 December 2021, and returned to Gaza unable to walk or talk. The head injury paralyzed the right side of my body, which is why I couldn’t move my right leg and arm. They’re both still in a cast. I still need a bone transplant on the left side of my skull. I’ve had months of physiotherapy and speech therapy at the ICRC hospital in Gaza, but I still have a hard time talking and walking. I’m using crutches until I get a prosthetic fitted at Hamad Hospital. My life has changed since the injury. My arm and leg are paralyzed, and I hate being treated like a disabled person and seen as handicapped. I need help most of the time because of the paralysis, and I’ve come to realize my life won’t go back to what it was. I see a psychotherapist to help with the mental challenges. Until the injury, everything was normal – I was a third-year law student at al-Azhar University in Gaza. But I haven’t gone back to school because of my condition. My dream was to go into law so I could help people exercise their rights. My mother also wanted her eldest son to be educated and successful. I’m worn out asking my mother and brothers for help all the time. They help me get dressed, eat, drink and go to the bathroom, and also come with me to all the treatments. I can’t move around freely, or even just go outside or hang out with friends. I’ve lost some of my close friends, who feel I’ve become a burden. I go from one treatment to another, from one hospital to another, hoping this suffering won’t last too much longer. Testimony of Lina al-Matrabi’i (27), a mother of three from a-Sabra neighborhood in Gaza City, whose five-year-old daughter Sarah was severely injured when a missile fired by Israel penetrated the ceiling of her home. She gave her testimony to B'Tselem field researcher Olfat al-Kurd on 22 May 2022. On 14 May 2021, at around 8:30 P.M., my husband Zaher (43) was sitting in the living room and I was feeding five-year-old Sarah when suddenly, without any warning, a missile fell through the ceiling of the room. The apartment above us had been bombed. Sarah and I were covered in debris and I was afraid my husband had been killed, and that our house was marked as a target by the Israeli army. Sarah kept crying under the rubble. I managed to pull her towards me, and then my husband came and got her. I was about five months pregnant and shrapnel from the missile penetrated my belly, back and right arm. I put on my prayer clothes and we took Sarah outside to look for an ambulance or another car to evacuate her. She fainted several minutes later, and only then an ambulance came and took her to a-Shifaa Hospital. She was put in the ICU. She had damage to the skull that caused meningitis, an open fracture to the spine, and shrapnel that penetrated her spine and paralyzed both legs. The doctors told us her injuries were very dangerous and asked us to pray for her. Sarah woke up three days later, and they only let us see her after six days. Then she was transferred to the pediatric surgery ward at a-Shifaa Hospital for four days. She was in really bad shape and couldn’t see or talk. Ten days later, on 24 May 2021, we got permission to travel to Jordan, and we traveled through Erez Crossing to al-Hussein Hospital. There, she had more than ten operations on her back, which included rehabilitating her spinal cord and fixing it in place with screws. She also had skin graft surgery on her legs. She was in a terrible emotional state and barely ate. She kept bursting into tears or shouting, and had nightmares. She had psychotherapy there, too. About four months later, on 23 September 2021, I gave birth to my little boy, ‘Abdallah, in a C-section at the hospital in Jordan. It was one of the hardest times of my life, recovering from the C-section while Sarah was going through rehabilitation. About six months after Sarah’s injury, on 17 November 2021, we went back to Gaza. She was still in pretty bad shape. She couldn’t walk and was confined to a wheelchair. To this day, her condition hasn’t improved. The doctors at Hamad Hospital in Gaza referred her to physiotherapy and I take her every week or two. Sarah is also incontinent, so I drain her urine with a catheter and change her diapers regularly. Because my husband is out of work, we can’t give Sarah what she needs, so we sometimes get diapers donated by charities and aid organizations. We’re renting an apartment for 500 shekels (~USD 153) a month on the first floor of a building with an elevator, so it’s accessible for Sarah. Although Sarah’s condition isn’t stable yet and she’s tired most of the time, I take her to preschool when she’s not getting treatment. Thank God, she loves her friends and they help her and never leave her on her own. She doesn’t really understand the situation, and sometimes asks why the army bombed her and why she’s still sick. I reply that she’s strong. I have to hold her when she bathes, and I also dress her. It’s very hard and tiring, but even though it’s exhausting, I want her to stay as active as possible – so maybe it will take her mind off her disability for a little while. When she’s home, she crawls on the floor or sits on the couch or in the wheelchair. She’s still afraid all the time that something bad is about to happen, and she asks us not to mention the injury or the war. Sometimes, when she looks in the mirror, she asks me to cover her legs because it’s hard for her to see them. Every once in a while, I insist she let herself look at the injury, because maybe it will make it easier for her to accept the situation. She gets spooked by loud noises and is too afraid to stay home alone, so I take her a lot to the beach boardwalk, so she can let go and relax. What did Sarah do wrong? All she was doing was sitting at home having dinner. They bombed us without warning and robbed my daughter of every beautiful thing she had in her life. My heart is broken, but I try to stay strong around Sarah and hide my pain from her. Now she needs to be reassessed at a hospital outside Gaza, because the resources she needs aren’t available here. She’ll only be able to get better care outside Gaza, in hospitals in Arab countries, in Israel or in Europe. Testimony of Hibah al-Bahtiti (32), a mother of six from a-Shuja’iyeh neighborhood in Gaza City, whose six-year-old daughter Farah was severely wounded outside her house by a missile fired by Israel. She gave her testimony to B'Tselem field researcher Olfat al-Kurd on 19 May 2022. On 12.5.21, the last day of Ramadan, at around 2:00 P.M., I sent my youngest daughter, Farah, out of the house to buy some things nearby. My sister-in-law Siham (30) was cleaning the stairs at the time. She was worried about Farah and called out to her to come back. Suddenly, there was a strong explosion outside. All the glass from the windows and stones from the building flew through the air. Siham yelled: “Farah’s been martyred!” I ran outside and saw a car going up in flames. Inside it was a martyr I didn’t recognize. There were a lot of injured people scattered near the car. Farah was lying on the ground, unconscious, quite close to our house. She was bleeding all over. I went into shock and was afraid she’d been martyred. It crushed me. Her aunt Wafa (23) yelled that Farah was still alive and started looking for a car to get her out of there. She was taken to the ICU at a-Shifaa Hospital, where they said she was very severely injured. Half an hour after Farah was evacuated, another ambulance came and took away Siham, who’d been injured by shrapnel in her left foot. Farah was unconscious for 12 days. That’s a very long time, and I was afraid she wouldn’t wake up. They only allowed her one visitor in the ICU, so my husband Rif’at (39) went. He said she was in very bad shape and that her left leg and arm were completely shattered. I could do nothing for her but pray. Farah had several operations, including a colectomy, and was fitted with platinum implants in her arm and leg. When she came out of the ICU, she didn’t talk and couldn’t hear well. She didn’t recognize any of us and for two weeks, I thought she had gone deaf or lost the ability to speak. I brought her brothers, cousins and friends to see her, and she started responding a little more. We filed several applications for a permit to go to a hospital in Jordan. We only got a permit to leave via Erez Crossing on 3 June 2021. I took her through Erez Crossing to the rehabilitation hospital in Jordan. The back of her head was injured and she had shrapnel in her lungs, abdomen, left arm, feet, left eye and right ear. The shrapnel in her left hand caused neurological damage to the wrist, and the shrapnel that penetrated her feet damaged the tendons. She also lost a lot of skin, and had skin grafts in her abdomen and left leg. She had a lot of other testing and imaging done at the hospital. We returned to Gaza on 5 September 2021, after three months in Jordan, and continued Farah’s rehabilitation at the Jordanian Hospital in Gaza. When her condition improved, she started walking. Now, a physiotherapist from the National Rehabilitation Association comes to our house. She can hold light objects in her right hand, but she still can’t control the left one. Farah is supposed to wear compression bandages that compress the skin to prevent swelling but they’re very tight, so sometimes she takes them off. She needs a skin graft and tendon extension. At the end of the month, we’re going to see a limb specialist. Whenever Farah sees her body in the mirror, she cries and asks why the Israelis did this to her. To this day, whenever she hears airplanes, she’s worried they’re coming to bomb her. I try to reassure her, telling her the war is over and we’re all with her. She has nightmares all the time and is scared of little things, such as water in the shower or doctors and injections. Since the injury she’s had trouble controlling her bladder, so I keep her in a diaper. Until recently, she wasn’t prepared to sleep alone and I slept next to her. Now she sleeps next to her sister, though she’s still scared and can’t relax. When she’s not getting treatments or going for tests, she goes to preschool, but she finds it hard to deal with the kids’ questions about her condition. I keep worrying one of the kids will unintentionally hurt her feelings. We got help from a respectable lady, who took Farah under her wing and covered our trip to Jordan and all our expenses there. But now, our financial situation is very bad. We are crowded into one house with 28 family members. We live only off what my husband makes from his fruit stand, which isn’t enough to provide for our six children: the twins Follah and Fuad (15), Muhammad (13), Ahmad (11), Yusef (8) and Farah (6).

30 August 2022